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# ident	"@(#)README	1.4	08/11/21 SMI"
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runwattr - Run With Attributes

	This tool provides a simple interface so that test cases can
	execute programs with any desired credential level.  This
	currently includes manipulation of the real/effective uid/gid,
	privileges, and zone.  In addition, environment variables can
	be changed or added.

	runwattr can be thought of as a "filter" on the credentials of
	the programs run under it.  In other words, invoking "runwattr
	someutility" would have the same effect as invoking
	"someutility" directly.  However, invoking "runwattr -z
	somezone someutility" would switch to the alternate zone while
	preserving as much as possible of the current context.  There
	are additional options described below to alter other aspects
	of the credential context; these can be used together in any
	desired combination.

Usage:

	runwattr [-u uid] [-U uid] [-g gid] [-G gid]
	         [-p priv_mod ...]
	         [-z zonename]
	         [-i] [-e name=value ...]
	         [-D]
	         [--] command [args ...]

	The uid/gid options manipulate user and group ids:
	-u and -g will set both the real and effective uid or gid.
	-U and -G will set the real uid or gid only, and can also be
	used together with -u and -g to set a real uid or gid that is
	different from the effective uid or gid set by -u or -g.

	The priv_mod syntax is: [=+-]priv_name[,priv_name]*
	= will explicitly set the listed priv_name(s)
	+ and - will add or remove the listed priv_name(s) to
	the current privileges.

	The -z option specifies the desired zone in which to execute
	the command.  If the specified zone matches the current zone,
	the option is ignored and no special action is taken.  When
	runwattr is invoked in the global zone, this option can be
	used to change to a non-global zone.  When runwattr is
	invoked in a non-global zone, the only valid value for this
	option is to specify the current zone, which would be ignored
	as described above.

	The -i and -e options manipulate environment variables.
	By default, the current environment variables will be
	propagated into the environment of the child process.
	-i will clear all variables from the current environment.
	-e can be used to add or change additional variables.

	The -D option enables extra debugging information.

Installation:

	Several installation alternatives are available:

	1) Package Installation:

	   This method uses the standard STF techniques to create a
	   Solaris package, which will be installed under the base
	   directory "/opt/SUNWstc-runwattr".

	   Briefly, this installation is performed as follows:

                # set path to STF bin directory
                PATH=<path-to-STF>/bin/`uname -p`:$PATH
                export PATH

		# WS_ROOT represents the root of the STC workspace
                cd <WS_ROOT>/usr/src/tools/runwattr
                stf_build package
                cd <WS_ROOT>/packages/`uname -p`
                pkgadd -d `pwd` SUNWstc-runwattr

	   (NOTE: stf_build is part of the SUNWstc-stf package)

	   To uninstall:

		pkgrm SUNWstc-runwattr

	2) Manual Installation:

	   These steps can be used if STF or a SUNWstc-runwattr
	   package are unavailable.  In addition, this method
	   allows the flexibility to install runwattr in any
	   location.

	   The following steps will use the variable ${BASEDIR}
	   to identify the root of the installation; this can
	   be changed to any desired location.

		# define location for installation
		BASEDIR=/usr/local

		# install runwattr script
		mkdir -p ${BASEDIR}/bin
		cp -p bin/runwattr.pl ${BASEDIR}/bin/runwattr
		chmod +x ${BASEDIR}/bin/runwattr

		# install "forcepriv" helper binaries
		/usr/bin/ksh -p bin/runwattr_admin.ksh \
		    install -s ${BASEDIR}/lib/forcepriv

	   To uninstall:

		# remove runwattr script
		rm -f ${BASEDIR}/bin/runwattr

		# remove "forcepriv" helper binaries
		/usr/bin/ksh -p bin/runwattr_admin.ksh \
		    uninstall ${BASEDIR}/lib/forcepriv

	3) Network installation:

	   This is simply a variation on the "manual" installation
	   steps described above that can be used when the main
	   runwattr script is already installed in a shared network
	   location.  On the local system, only the "runwattr_admin"
	   steps from the "manual" installation method need to be
	   performed.

	   Because the "forcepriv" scripts are not installed in a fixed
	   location relative to the runwattr script, the environment
	   variable RUNWATTR_FORCEPRIV may be used to tell the runwattr
	   script where to find the "forcepriv" binaries.

		RUNWATTR_FORCEPRIV=/usr/local/lib/forcepriv
		export RUNWATTR_FORCEPRIV
		runwattr_admin install -s ${RUNWATTR_FORCEPRIV}
		# test execution steps using runwattr go here
		runwattr_admin uninstall ${RUNWATTR_FORCEPRIV}

	   The runwattr and runwattr_admin scripts both acknowledge
	   the path "/var/tmp/SUNWstc-runwattr/forcepriv" as a
	   default location for the "forcepriv" binaries.  If this
	   location is used, no environment variable is required
	   and the steps are simply as follows:

		runwattr_admin install -s
		# test execution steps using runwattr go here
		runwattr_admin uninstall

RBAC alternative for forcepriv:

	All of the above procedures will create a setuid/setgid
	root binary on the system.  This can then be used by any
	system user to gain all privileges.  If this is not desired,
	RBAC can be used to restrict the utility to designated users.

	1) Remove the setuid bit from the forcepriv helper binary.

	   If runwattr is installed via a package, this must be done
	   with a command such as the following.  Be sure to replace
	   the "/opt/SUNWstc-runwattr" portion of the pathname if
	   another installation location was chosen.

		chmod -s /opt/SUNWstc-runwattr/lib/forcepriv

	   If runwattr is installed using the "manual" or "network"
	   methods described above, simply omit the "-s" option
	   from the "runwattr_admin install" command.

	2) Add entries for the runwattr tools to the system's
	   prof_attr(4) and exec_attr(4) databases.

	   Sample entries are provided in the "etc/security"
	   directory of this distribution.  Be sure to replace
	   the "/opt/SUNWstc-runwattr" portion of the pathnames
	   in exec_attr(4) if another installation location was
	   chosen.

	3) Add the "Solaris Test Collection runwattr" profile to
	   the user_attr(4) database for user accounts that are
	   authorized to use the tool.

	For further details on RBAC, see the "Roles, Rights Profiles,
	and Privileges" section of the __Solaris System Administration
	Guide: Security Services__ and the prof_attr(4), exec_attr(4)
	and user_attr(4) man pages.

Further details on the location of "forcepriv" helper binaries:

	The "forcepriv" helper binaries are located at runwattr
	execution time by searching for the first match against
	the following list of locations:

	1) The full path specified by the RUNWATTR_FORCEPRIV
	   environment variable, if it is set.

	2) The standard path "/var/tmp/SUNWstc-runwattr/forcepriv",
	   which is the default location for "network" installations.

	3) The standard path "/opt/SUNWstc-runwattr/lib/forcepriv",
	   which is the default location for "package" installations.

	4) A path derived from the location of the runwattr script
	   itself.  This algoritm assumes that if the runwattr script
	   is installed as /some_path_name/bin/runwattr then the
	   forcepriv binary would be /some_path_name/lib/forcepriv.

	Like the runwattr script itself, copies of these binaries
	must be created at the same location in each system zone.
	The following commands are used to maintain these copies:

	runwattr_admin install   [ -z <zonename> ] [ -s ] [ <forcepriv_path> ]
	runwattr_admin uninstall [ -z <zonename> ] [ <forcepriv_path> ]

	The "install" and "uninstall" subcommands indicate whether
	the forcepriv binaries should be created or removed.

	The "-z <zonename>" option (which may be repeated) indicates
	which system zones are manipulated during each invocation of
	runwattr_admin.  By default, when this command is used in the
	global zone, ALL system zones are included; when used in a
	non-global zone, only that zone is included.

	The "-s" option indicates that the runwattr_admin script
	should apply "setuid/setgid root" permissions to the forcepriv
	binaries that are created.  The invoking prcess must already
	have super-user credentials to use this option.

	The optional "<forcepriv_path>" argument may be used to
	explicitly state the location where the forcepriv binaries
	should be created:

	1) The path given in the "<forcepriv_path>" argument is
	   always used when it is provided.

	2) Otherwise, the path given in the RUNWATTR_FORCEPRIV
	   environment variable is used if it is defined.

	3) Otherwise, "/var/tmp/SUNWstc-runwattr/forcepriv" is
	   used by default.

	When "runwattr_admin install" is executed, a single final
	subdirectory component of the "<forcepriv_path>" argument
	(for example, the "SUNWstc-runwattr" directory from the
	full path "/var/tmp/SUNWstc-runwattr/forcepriv") will be
	created if needed.  Similarly, when "runwattr_admin uninstall"
	is executed, the final subdirectory will be removed if it
	would otherwise be empty.

Limitations:

	The restriction on movement between zones (with the -z
	option) is imposed by the zones(5) model and applies in
	all cases.

	Modification of any attribute of a credential context which
	has a security impact (with the -uUgGpz options) is subject
	to the limitations described in ppriv(1) and privileges(5).

	Typically, this requires that user invoking runwattr be able
	to run the associated "forcepriv" utility with all privileges.
	This can be achieved by the following methods:

		- Installing forcepriv as a setuid/setgid 0 binary.
		- Using RBAC profiles to asign this right to users.
		- Invoking the runwattr utility as the super-user.

	In other cases, modification of the credential context is
	restricted to those changes that the invoking user would
	have been able to achieve through their preexisting privilege
	level:

		- Switching zones may not be possible.
		- Changes to uid/gid may not be possible.
		- Privileges may only be reduced.

	The -e and -i options may be used freely without limitation.

Examples:

	In the following two examples, the command "zonename ; id ;
	ppriv -S $$" is executed twice.  The first invocation
	displays the existing credential context, the second
	shows how it is modified with runwattr:

	1) From within the public zone, operating as a normal user,
	   invoke a command as a different user with additional
	   privileges:

		% zonename ; id ; ppriv -S $$
		public
		uid=1001(tester) gid=10(staff)
		143968: ksh
		flags = <none>
		        E: basic
		        I: basic
		        P: basic
		        L: zone
		% runwattr \
			-u nobody -g nobody \
			-p +file_dac_read \
			'zonename ; id ; ppriv -S $$'
		public
		uid=60001(nobody) gid=60001(nobody)
		144046: sh -c zonename ; id ; ppriv -S $$
		flags = <none>
		        E: basic,file_dac_read
		        I: basic,file_dac_read
		        P: basic,file_dac_read
		        L: zone

	2) From within the global zone, operating as the super user,
	   enter the public zone and execute a command with altered
	   uid, gid, and privilege:

		# zonename ; id ; ppriv -S $$
		global
		uid=0(root) gid=0(root)
		128876: ksh
		flags = <none>
		        E: all
		        I: basic
		        P: all
		        L: all
		# runwattr \
			-z public \
			-U tester -G staff \
			-u nobody -g nobody \
			-p -proc_info \
			'zonename ; id ; ppriv -S $$'
		public
		uid=1001(tester) gid=10(staff) euid=60001(nobody) egid=60001(nobody)
		144109: sh -c zonename ; id ; ppriv -S $$
		flags = <none>
		        E: basic,!proc_info
		        I: basic,!proc_info
		        P: basic,!proc_info
		        L: zone

	The following three examples show how environment variables
	can be propagated between zones and manipulated with the
	-e and -i options:

	1) Propagating environment variables between zones
	   automatically:

		# zonename
		global
		# MY_SPECIAL_VARIABLE=foo
		# export MY_SPECIAL_VARIABLE
		# zlogin public 'env | grep MY_SPECIAL_VARIABLE'
		# runwattr -z public 'env | grep MY_SPECIAL_VARIABLE'
		MY_SPECIAL_VARIABLE=foo

	2) Using -e to set extra environment variables:

		# zonename
		global
		# unset MY_SPECIAL_VARIABLE
		# env | grep MY_SPECIAL_VARIABLE
		# runwattr \
			-z public \
			-e MY_SPECIAL_VARIABLE=foo \
			'env | grep MY_SPECIAL_VARIABLE'
		MY_SPECIAL_VARIABLE=foo

	3) Using -i to severely limit the environment, removing
	   even those variables set automatically with zlogin(1).
	   "wc -l" is used to count the number of variables defined
	   in the global zone, set by zlogin, and left after using
	   "runwattr -i":

		# zonename ; env | wc -l
		global
		      45
		# zlogin public 'zonename ; env | wc -l'
		public
		       7
		# runwattr -z public -i 'zonename ; env | wc -l'
		public
		       0

Warnings:

	This tool should only be installed on systems used for test
	purposes, and never on a production or other sensitive system.

	This tool will pass special shell environment variables
	(such as PATH or IFS) along to the environment for the child
	process.  Make certain that this does not have unintended
	consequences.  In particular, make certain that the correct
	child process commands are executed.

Notes:

	This tool is implemented as a Perl script, with a helper binary
	to force privileges.  The helper is simply a copy of the normal
	ppriv(1) program included in the OS.

Indexes created Sun Nov 08 04:09:30 UTC 2009

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