1 # @(#)asia 8.51 2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7 # tz (a] elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 8 9 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 10 # 11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14 # 15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 20 # 21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23 # 24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26 # I found in the UCLA library. 27 # 28 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 29 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 30 # 31 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 32 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 33 # Corrections are welcome! 34 # std dst 35 # LMT Local Mean Time 36 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 37 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel 38 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 39 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 40 # 4:00 GST Gulf* 41 # 5:30 IST India 42 # 7:00 ICT Indochina* 43 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia 44 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia 45 # 8:00 CST China 46 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 47 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia 48 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan 49 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea 50 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 51 # 52 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 53 54 # From Guy Harris: 55 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 56 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 57 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 58 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 59 60 ############################################################################### 61 62 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 65 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 66 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 67 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 68 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 69 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 70 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 71 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 72 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 73 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 74 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 75 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 76 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 77 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 78 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 79 80 # Afghanistan 81 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 82 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 83 4:00 - AFT 1945 84 4:30 - AFT 85 86 # Armenia 87 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 88 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 89 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 90 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 91 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 92 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 93 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 94 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 95 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 96 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 98 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 99 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 100 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 101 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 102 4:00 - AMT 1997 103 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 104 105 # Azerbaijan 106 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 107 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 108 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 109 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 110 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 111 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 112 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 113 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 114 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 115 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 116 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 117 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 118 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 119 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 120 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 121 122 # Bahrain 123 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 124 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 125 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 126 3:00 - AST 127 128 # Bangladesh 129 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 130 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 131 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 132 # 133 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 134 # <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288"> 135 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 136 # </a> 137 # or 138 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html"> 139 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 140 # </a> 141 # 142 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 143 # June 144 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 145 # crippling power crisis. " 146 # 147 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 148 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 149 150 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 151 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 152 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 153 # 154 # Some sources: 155 # <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601"> 156 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 157 # </a> 158 # <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2"> 159 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 160 # </a> 161 # 162 # Our wrap-up: 163 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html"> 164 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 165 # </a> 166 167 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 168 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 169 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 170 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 171 # 172 # No DST end date has been announced yet. 173 174 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 175 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 176 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 177 # 178 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 179 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 180 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021"> 181 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 182 # </a> 183 # or 184 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html"> 185 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 186 # </a> 187 188 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 189 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 190 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 191 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 192 # "continue for an indefinite period." 193 # 194 # One of many places where it is published: 195 # <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html"> 196 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 197 # </a> 198 199 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 200 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 201 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 202 # 203 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 204 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228"> 205 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 206 # </a> 207 # and 208 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html"> 209 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 210 # </a> 211 # 212 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 213 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 214 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 215 # Minister's Office last night..." 216 217 # From Danvin Ruangchan (2009-12-24): 218 # ...the news mentions DST will be turned off again 7 months after March 219 # 31st on Oct 31, 2010. 220 221 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-12-26): 222 # Indeed, "The government will advance again the Banglasdesh Standard 223 # Time by one one hour on March 31 next year by enforcing the Daylight 224 # Saving Time (DST) for seven months. It will continue till October 31 225 # until further notice." I take that last sentence as the 226 # establishment of a rule. 227 228 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 229 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 230 Rule Dhaka 2010 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 231 Rule Dhaka 2010 max - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 232 Rule Dhaka 2010 max - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 233 234 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 235 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 236 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 237 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 238 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 239 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 240 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 241 6:00 - BDT 2009 242 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 243 244 # Bhutan 245 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 246 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 247 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 248 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 249 250 # British Indian Ocean Territory 251 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 252 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 253 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 254 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 255 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 256 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 257 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 258 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 259 6:00 - IOT 260 261 # Brunei 262 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 263 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 264 7:30 - BNT 1933 265 8:00 - BNT 266 267 # Burma / Myanmar 268 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 269 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 270 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 271 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 272 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 273 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 274 275 # Cambodia 276 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 277 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 278 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 279 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 280 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 281 7:00 - ICT 282 283 # China 284 285 # From Guy Harris: 286 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 287 288 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 289 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 290 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 291 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 292 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 293 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 294 # 295 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 296 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 297 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 298 # 299 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 300 # 1987 mid-April - ?? 301 302 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 303 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 304 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 305 306 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 307 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau) 308 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST 309 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 310 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 311 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other 312 # pre-1980 time zones. 313 314 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 315 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 316 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 317 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 318 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 319 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 320 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 321 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 322 323 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 324 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 325 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 326 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 327 # 328 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 329 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 330 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 331 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 332 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 333 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 334 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 335 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 336 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 337 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 338 339 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 340 # I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk 341 # about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986 342 # talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim 343 # Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 344 # time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this 345 # article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began 346 # observing daylight saving time in 1986. 347 # 348 # From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11): 349 # I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated 350 # separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't 351 # implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near 352 # Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a 353 # "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was 354 # ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s). 355 # 356 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 357 # There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949 358 # rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a 359 # reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with 360 # Shanks & Pottenger. 361 362 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 363 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 364 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 365 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 366 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 367 8:00 - CST 1940 368 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 369 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 370 8:00 PRC C%sT 371 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 372 # most of China 373 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 374 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 375 8:00 PRC C%sT 376 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 377 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 378 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 379 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 380 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 381 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 382 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 383 8:00 PRC C%sT 384 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 385 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 386 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 387 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 388 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 389 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 390 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 391 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 392 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 393 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 394 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 395 8:00 PRC C%sT 396 # Kunlun Time 397 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 398 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 399 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 400 # and Yarkand. 401 402 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 403 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 404 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 405 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 406 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 407 # they implicitly use Beijing time. 408 # 409 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 410 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 411 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 412 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 413 # local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in 414 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 415 # "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 416 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 417 # 418 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 419 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 420 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 421 # 422 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 423 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 424 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 425 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 426 # others moving their clocks ahead.) 427 # 428 # ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time. 429 # 430 # The first few lines of the Google translation of 431 # <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39"> 432 # http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39 433 # </a> 434 # (retrieved 2009-10-13) 435 # > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least 436 # > 500 million yuan 437 # > 438 # > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20), 439 # > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River 440 # > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men 441 # > have worked continuously for 22 hours... 442 443 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 444 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 445 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 446 # 447 # 1. Wulumuqi... 448 # 2. Kashi... 449 # 3. Urumqi... 450 # 4. Kashgar... 451 # ... 452 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 453 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 454 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 455 # 456 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 457 # start date for Xinjiang time. 458 # 459 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 460 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 461 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 462 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 463 464 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 465 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 466 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 467 8:00 PRC C%sT 468 469 470 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 471 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 472 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 473 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 474 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 475 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 476 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 477 # obtained from 478 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 479 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 480 # </a>. 481 482 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 483 # Here are the dates given at 484 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 485 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 486 # </a> 487 # as of 2009-10-28: 488 # Year Period 489 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 490 # 1942 Whole year 491 # 1943 Whole year 492 # 1944 Whole year 493 # 1945 Whole year 494 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 495 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 496 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 497 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 498 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 499 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 500 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 501 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 502 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 503 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 504 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 505 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 506 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 507 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 508 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 509 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 510 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 511 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 512 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 513 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 514 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 515 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 516 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 517 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 518 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 519 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 520 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 521 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 522 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 523 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 524 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 525 # 1977 Nil 526 # 1978 Nil 527 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 528 # 1980 to Now Nil 529 # The page does not give start or end times of day. 530 # The page does not give a start date for 1942. 531 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 532 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 533 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 534 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 535 536 # Hong Kong (Xianggang) 537 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 538 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 539 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 540 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 541 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 542 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 543 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 544 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 545 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 546 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 547 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 548 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 549 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 550 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 551 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 552 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 553 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 554 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 555 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 556 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 557 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 558 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 559 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 560 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 561 8:00 HK HK%sT 562 563 ############################################################################### 564 565 # Taiwan 566 567 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 568 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 569 # have any other information. 570 571 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 572 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 573 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 574 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 575 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 576 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 577 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 578 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 579 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 580 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 581 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 582 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 583 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 584 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 585 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 586 587 # Macau (Macao, Aomen) 588 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 589 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 590 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 591 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 592 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 593 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 594 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 595 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 596 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 597 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 598 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 599 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 600 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 601 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 602 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 603 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 604 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 605 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 606 8:00 PRC C%sT 607 608 609 ############################################################################### 610 611 # Cyprus 612 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 613 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 614 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 615 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 616 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 617 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 618 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 619 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 620 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 621 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 622 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 623 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 624 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 625 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 626 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 627 628 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 629 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 630 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 631 632 # Georgia 633 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 634 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 635 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 636 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 637 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 638 # 639 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 640 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 641 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 642 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 643 # 644 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 645 # 646 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 647 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 648 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 649 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 650 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 651 # of integration into Europe. 652 653 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 654 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 655 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 656 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 657 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 658 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 659 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 660 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 661 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 662 663 664 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 665 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 666 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 667 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 668 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 669 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 670 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 671 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 672 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 673 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 674 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 675 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 676 4:00 - GET 677 678 # East Timor 679 680 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 681 682 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 683 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 684 # East Timor may be late for its millennium 685 # </a> (1999-12-26/31): 686 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 687 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 688 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 689 # conflicts with their way of life. 690 691 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 692 # We don't have any record of the above attempt. 693 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 694 695 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 696 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 697 # (2000-08-16)</a>: 698 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 699 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 700 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 701 # midnight on Saturday, September 16. 702 703 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 704 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 705 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 706 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 707 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 708 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 709 9:00 - TLT 710 711 # India 712 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 713 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 714 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 715 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 716 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 717 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 718 5:30 - IST 719 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 720 # Andaman Is 721 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 722 # Nicobar Is 723 724 # Indonesia 725 # 726 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 727 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 728 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 729 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 730 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 731 # 732 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 733 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 734 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 735 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 736 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 737 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 738 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 739 # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions 740 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 741 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 742 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 743 # switched on 1945-09-23. 744 # 745 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 746 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 747 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 748 # but this must be a typo. 749 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta 750 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 751 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 752 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 753 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 754 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 755 7:30 - WIT 1964 756 7:00 - WIT 757 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 758 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 759 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 760 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 761 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 762 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 763 7:30 - WIT 1964 764 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 765 7:00 - WIT 766 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 767 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 768 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 769 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 770 8:00 - CIT 771 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 772 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1 773 9:30 - CST 1964 774 9:00 - EIT 775 776 # Iran 777 778 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 779 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 780 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 781 # 782 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 783 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 784 # 785 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 786 # 787 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 788 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 789 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 790 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 791 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 792 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 793 # 794 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 795 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 796 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 797 # Shahrivar. 798 # 799 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 800 # 801 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 802 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 803 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 804 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 805 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 806 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 807 # 808 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 809 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 810 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 811 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 812 # plan to change that law.... 813 # 814 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 815 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 816 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 817 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 818 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 819 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 820 # 821 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 822 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 823 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 824 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 825 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 826 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 827 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 828 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 829 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 830 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 831 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 832 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 833 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 834 # 835 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 836 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 837 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 838 # 839 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen: 840 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 841 # daylight saving time ... 842 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 843 # 844 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 845 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 846 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 847 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 848 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 849 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 850 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 851 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 852 # 853 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 854 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 855 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 856 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 857 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 858 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 859 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 860 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 861 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 862 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 863 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 864 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 865 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 866 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 867 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 868 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 869 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 870 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 871 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 872 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 873 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 874 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 875 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 876 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 877 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 878 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 879 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 880 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 881 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 882 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 883 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 884 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 885 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 886 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 887 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 888 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 889 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 890 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 891 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 892 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 893 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 894 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 895 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 896 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 897 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 898 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 899 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 900 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 901 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 902 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 903 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 904 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 905 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 906 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 907 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 908 3:30 Iran IR%sT 909 910 911 # Iraq 912 # 913 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 914 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 915 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 916 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 917 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 918 # 919 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 920 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 921 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 922 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 923 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 924 # 925 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 926 927 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 928 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 929 # news sources (in Arabic): 930 # <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html"> 931 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 932 # </a> 933 # <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10"> 934 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 935 # </a> 936 # 937 # We have published a short article in English about the change: 938 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html"> 939 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 940 # </a> 941 942 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 943 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 944 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 945 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 946 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 947 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 948 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 949 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 950 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 951 # 952 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 953 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 954 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 955 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 956 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 957 3:00 - AST 1982 May 958 3:00 Iraq A%sT 959 960 961 ############################################################################### 962 963 # Israel 964 965 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 966 # 967 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 968 # different abbreviations in use: 969 # 970 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 971 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 972 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 973 # 974 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 975 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 976 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 977 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 978 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 979 # settings in Israeli computers. 980 # 981 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 982 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 983 # family is from India). 984 985 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 986 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 987 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 988 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 989 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 990 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 991 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 992 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 993 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 994 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 995 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 996 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 997 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 998 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 999 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1000 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1001 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1002 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1003 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1004 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1005 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1006 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1007 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1008 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1009 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1010 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1011 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1012 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1013 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1014 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1015 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1016 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1017 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1018 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1019 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1020 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1021 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1022 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1023 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1024 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1025 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 1026 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1027 1028 # From Ephraim Silverberg 1029 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1030 # and 2005-02-17): 1031 1032 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1033 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1034 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1035 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1036 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1037 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1038 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1039 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1040 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1041 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1042 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1043 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1044 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1045 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1046 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1047 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1048 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1049 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1050 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1051 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1052 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1053 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1054 1055 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1056 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1057 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1058 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1059 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1060 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1061 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1062 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1063 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1064 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1065 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1066 1067 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1068 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1069 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1070 1071 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1072 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1073 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1074 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1075 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1076 1077 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1078 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1079 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1080 # 1081 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1082 # 1083 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1084 # 1085 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1086 # 1087 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1088 # 1089 # where YYYY is the relevant year. 1090 1091 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1092 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1093 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1094 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1095 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1096 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1097 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1098 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1099 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1100 1101 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1102 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1103 # years 2001-2004 as well. 1104 # 1105 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1106 # 1107 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1108 # 1109 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1110 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1111 # 1112 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1113 1114 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1115 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1116 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1117 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1118 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1119 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1120 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1121 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1122 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1123 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1124 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1125 1126 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1127 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1128 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1129 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1130 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1131 # 1132 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1133 # 1134 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1135 1136 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22): 1137 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1138 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1139 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1140 # to generate the transitions in this list. 1141 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1142 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule: 1143 # 1144 # Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1145 # 1146 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1147 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1148 # springtime transitions explicitly. 1149 1150 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1151 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1152 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1153 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1154 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1155 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1156 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1157 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1158 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1159 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1160 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1161 Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1162 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1163 Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S 1164 Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1165 Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1166 Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1167 Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1168 Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1169 Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1170 Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1171 Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1172 Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1173 Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1174 Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1175 Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1176 Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1177 Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1178 Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1179 Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1180 Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1181 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S 1182 Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1183 Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1184 Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1185 Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S 1186 Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1187 Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1188 Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1189 Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1190 Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S 1191 Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S 1192 Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1193 Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S 1194 1195 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1196 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 1197 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1198 2:00 Zion I%sT 1199 1200 1201 1202 ############################################################################### 1203 1204 # Japan 1205 1206 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 1207 1208 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1209 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1210 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 1211 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 1212 1213 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 1214 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 1215 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1216 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1217 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1218 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1219 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1220 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1221 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1222 # wanted to keep it.) 1223 1224 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1225 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1226 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1227 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1228 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1229 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1230 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1231 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1232 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1233 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1234 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1235 1236 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1237 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1238 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 1239 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1240 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1241 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1242 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1243 1244 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1245 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1246 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 1247 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1248 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1249 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 1250 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1251 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1252 # standard.... 1253 # 1254 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1255 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1256 1257 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few 1258 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all 1259 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 1260 1261 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1262 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1263 9:00 - JST 1896 1264 9:00 - CJT 1938 1265 9:00 Japan J%sT 1266 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1267 1268 # Jordan 1269 # 1270 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 1271 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1272 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1273 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1274 # all year round. 1275 # 1276 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 1277 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1278 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1279 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1280 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1281 # government's departments from six to seven hours. 1282 # 1283 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1284 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1285 # 1286 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1287 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1288 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1289 # 1290 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1291 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1292 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1293 # 1294 1295 # From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02): 1296 # ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for 1297 # Jordan. 1298 # The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight 1299 # saving 1300 # time on the last Thursday in March. 1301 # 1302 # Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1303 # 1304 # However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan 1305 # going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002. 1306 # Please see 1307 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11"> 1308 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11 1309 # </a> 1310 1311 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1312 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1313 # <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279"> 1314 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1315 # </a> 1316 # 1317 # Google's translation: 1318 # 1319 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1320 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1321 # > of the month of March of each year. 1322 # 1323 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1324 1325 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1326 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1327 1328 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1329 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1330 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1331 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1332 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1333 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1334 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1335 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1336 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1337 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1338 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1339 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1340 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1341 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1342 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1343 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1344 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1345 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1346 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1347 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1348 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1349 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1350 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1351 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1352 Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1353 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1354 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1355 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1356 Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1357 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1358 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1359 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1360 1361 1362 # Kazakhstan 1363 1364 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1365 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1366 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1367 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1368 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1369 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1370 1371 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1372 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1373 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1374 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1375 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1376 # 1377 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1378 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1379 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1380 1381 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 1382 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 1383 # </a> 1384 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1385 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1386 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1387 # 1388 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1389 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1390 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1391 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1392 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1393 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1394 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1395 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1396 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1397 1398 # 1399 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1400 # 1401 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1402 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1403 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1404 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1405 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1406 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1407 6:00 - ALMT 1408 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1409 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1410 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1411 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1412 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1413 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1414 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1415 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1416 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1417 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1418 6:00 - QYZT 1419 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1420 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1421 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1422 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1423 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1424 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1425 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1426 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1427 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1428 5:00 - AQTT 1429 # Mangghystau 1430 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1431 # so include time stamps before 1963. 1432 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1433 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1434 5:00 - FORT 1963 1435 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1436 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1437 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1438 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1439 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1440 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1441 5:00 - AQTT 1442 # West Kazakhstan 1443 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1444 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1445 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1446 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1447 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1448 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1449 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1450 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1451 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1452 5:00 - ORAT 1453 1454 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1455 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1456 1457 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1458 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1459 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1460 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1461 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1462 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1463 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1464 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1465 1466 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1467 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1468 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1469 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1470 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1471 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1472 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1473 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1474 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1475 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1476 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1477 6:00 - KGT 1478 1479 ############################################################################### 1480 1481 # Korea (North and South) 1482 1483 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in 1484 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: 1485 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1486 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1487 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1488 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 1489 1490 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 1491 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1492 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1493 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1494 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1495 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1496 1497 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1498 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1499 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1500 9:00 - KST 1928 1501 8:30 - KST 1932 1502 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1503 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1504 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1505 9:00 ROK K%sT 1506 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1507 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1508 9:00 - KST 1928 1509 8:30 - KST 1932 1510 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1511 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1512 9:00 - KST 1513 1514 ############################################################################### 1515 1516 # Kuwait 1517 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1518 # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14): 1519 # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded 1520 # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in 1521 # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba. 1522 # <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>. 1523 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 1524 # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen, 1525 # so for now we assume no DST. 1526 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1527 3:00 - AST 1528 1529 # Laos 1530 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1531 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1532 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1533 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1534 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1535 7:00 - ICT 1536 1537 # Lebanon 1538 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1539 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1540 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1541 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1542 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1543 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1544 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1545 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1546 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1547 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1548 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1549 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1550 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1551 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1552 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1553 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1554 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1555 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1556 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1557 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1558 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1559 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1560 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1561 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1562 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1563 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1564 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1565 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1566 1567 # Malaysia 1568 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1569 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1570 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1571 # 1572 # peninsular Malaysia 1573 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1574 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1575 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1576 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1577 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1578 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1579 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1580 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1581 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1582 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1583 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1584 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1585 # Sabah & Sarawak 1586 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1587 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1588 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1589 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1590 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1591 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1592 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1593 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1594 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1595 8:00 - MYT 1596 1597 # Maldives 1598 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1599 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1600 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1601 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1602 1603 # Mongolia 1604 1605 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1606 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03) 1607 # both say that it has just one. 1608 1609 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1610 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 1611 # General Information Mongolia 1612 # </a> (1999-09) 1613 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1614 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1615 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1616 # eight hours." 1617 1618 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1619 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1620 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1621 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1622 # of implementation may have been different.... 1623 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1624 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1625 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 1626 1627 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1628 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1629 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1630 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1631 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1632 # is good enough for our purposes. 1633 1634 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1635 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1636 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1637 # there are three time zones. 1638 # 1639 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1640 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 1641 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 1642 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 1643 # 1644 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1645 1646 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1647 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1648 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1649 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1650 # 1651 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1652 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1653 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1654 1655 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1656 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1657 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1658 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1659 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1660 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1661 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1662 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1663 # He also found 1664 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1665 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1666 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1667 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1668 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1669 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1670 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1671 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1672 1673 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1674 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1675 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1676 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1677 1678 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1679 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1680 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1681 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1682 # database on this, e.g.: 1683 # 1684 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026"> 1685 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1686 # </a> 1687 # <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx"> 1688 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1689 # </a> 1690 # 1691 # both say GMT+08:00. 1692 1693 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1694 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1695 # schedule here: 1696 # <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112"> 1697 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1698 # </a> 1699 # (click the English flag for English) 1700 # 1701 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive 1702 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1703 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1704 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are 1705 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1706 # Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1707 1708 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1709 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1710 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1711 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1712 # this is almost surely wrong. 1713 1714 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1715 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1716 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1717 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1718 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1719 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1720 # 1721 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1722 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place 1723 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1724 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1725 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1726 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1727 1728 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1729 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1730 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1731 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1732 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1733 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1734 1735 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1736 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1737 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1738 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1739 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1740 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1741 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1742 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1743 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1744 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1745 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1746 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1747 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1748 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1749 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1750 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 1751 1752 # Nepal 1753 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1754 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1755 5:30 - IST 1986 1756 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1757 1758 # Oman 1759 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1760 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 1761 4:00 - GST 1762 1763 # Pakistan 1764 1765 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1766 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1767 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1768 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1769 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1770 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1771 1772 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1773 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 1774 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1775 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1776 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1777 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1778 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1779 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1780 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1781 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1782 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1783 1784 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1785 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1786 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1787 1788 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1789 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1790 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1791 # 1792 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1793 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1794 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1795 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1796 # 1797 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1798 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1799 1800 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 1801 # 1802 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 1803 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 1804 # 1805 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 1806 # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 1807 # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 1808 # ...." 1809 # 1810 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html"> 1811 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 1812 # </a> 1813 # OR 1814 # <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4"> 1815 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 1816 # </a> 1817 1818 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1819 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 1820 1821 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 1822 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 1823 # for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 1824 # instead of August 31. 1825 # 1826 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html"> 1827 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 1828 # </a> 1829 # OR 1830 # <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html"> 1831 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 1832 # </a> 1833 1834 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 1835 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 1836 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 1837 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 1838 # official working." 1839 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280"> 1840 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 1841 # </a> 1842 # 1843 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 1844 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009 1845 # 1846 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 1847 # April 08, 2009 1848 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 1849 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1"> 1850 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 1851 # </a> 1852 # 1853 # or 1854 # 1855 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html"> 1856 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 1857 # </a> 1858 # 1859 # .... 1860 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 1861 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 1862 # conserve energy" 1863 1864 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 1865 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 1866 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 1867 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 1868 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 1869 # this regard." 1870 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168"> 1871 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 1872 # </a> 1873 1874 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 1875 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1876 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1877 # 1, 2009. 1878 # 1879 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 1880 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2"> 1881 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 1882 # </a> 1883 # or 1884 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm"> 1885 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 1886 # </a> 1887 1888 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 1889 # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote: 1890 # > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1891 # > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1892 # > 1, 2009. 1893 # 1894 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 1895 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742"> 1896 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 1897 # </a> 1898 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 1899 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 1900 # Monday." 1901 # 1902 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 1903 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 1904 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 1905 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 1906 # 1907 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 1908 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 1909 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html"> 1910 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 1911 # </a> 1912 1913 # From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01): 1914 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 1915 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 1916 1917 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1918 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 1919 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 1920 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1921 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1922 Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 1923 Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1924 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1925 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 1926 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1927 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 1928 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 1929 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 1930 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 1931 1932 # Palestine 1933 1934 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 1935 # 1936 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 1937 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 1938 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 1939 # 1940 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 1941 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 1942 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 1943 # though. 1944 # 1945 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 1946 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 1947 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 1948 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 1949 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 1950 # East Jerusalem. 1951 # 1952 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 1953 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 1954 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 1955 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 1956 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 1957 # 1958 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 1959 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 1960 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 1961 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 1962 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 1963 # Jordanian one). 1964 # 1965 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 1966 # 1967 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 1968 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1969 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 1970 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 1971 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 1972 # 1973 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 1974 # have one). 1975 1976 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1977 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 1978 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 1979 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 1980 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 1981 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 1982 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 1983 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 1984 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 1985 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please 1986 # send it to tz (a] elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. 1987 1988 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 1989 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 1990 # 1991 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 1992 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 1993 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 1994 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 1995 1996 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 1997 # Daoud Kuttab writes in 1998 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 1999 # Holiday havoc 2000 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2001 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2002 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2003 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2004 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2005 2006 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2007 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2008 2009 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2010 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2011 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2012 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2013 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan. 2014 2015 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2016 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2017 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2018 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2019 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2020 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2021 # the West Bank. 2022 2023 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2024 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2025 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2026 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2027 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2028 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2029 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2030 # because of the Ramadan. 2031 2032 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2033 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2034 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2035 2036 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2037 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2038 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2039 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2040 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2041 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2042 2043 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2044 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2045 # 2046 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2047 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2048 # 2049 # <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001"> 2050 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2051 # </a> 2052 # <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087"> 2053 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2054 # </a> 2055 # or 2056 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html"> 2057 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2058 # </a> 2059 2060 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2061 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2062 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2063 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2064 # 2065 # (in Arabic) 2066 # <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850"> 2067 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2068 # </a> 2069 # 2070 # or 2071 # (English translation) 2072 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html"> 2073 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2074 # </a> 2075 2076 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2077 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2078 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2079 # 2080 # One news source: 2081 # <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158"> 2082 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2083 # </a> 2084 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2085 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2086 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2087 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2088 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2089 # 2090 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2091 # end date, we will keep this page updated: 2092 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html"> 2093 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2094 # </a> 2095 2096 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2097 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2098 # 2099 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2100 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2101 # 2102 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2103 # (from Palestinian National Authority): 2104 # <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2105 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2106 # </a> 2107 # or 2108 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html> 2109 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2110 # </a> 2111 2112 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 2113 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2114 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2115 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2116 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2117 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2118 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2119 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2120 2121 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2122 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2123 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2124 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2125 Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2126 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2127 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2128 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 2:00 0 - 2129 Rule Palestine 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2130 Rule Palestine 2009 max - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 - 2131 2132 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2133 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2134 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2135 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2136 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2137 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2138 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2139 2140 # Paracel Is 2141 # no information 2142 2143 # Philippines 2144 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the 2145 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2146 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a 2147 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>. 2148 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2149 2150 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2151 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of 2152 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the 2153 # rainy season begins. See 2154 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>. 2155 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details. 2156 # 2157 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2158 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2159 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2160 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2161 # but no details] 2162 2163 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2164 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2165 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2166 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2167 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2168 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2169 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2170 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2171 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2172 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2173 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 2174 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2175 8:00 Phil PH%sT 2176 2177 # Qatar 2178 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2179 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2180 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 2181 3:00 - AST 2182 2183 # Saudi Arabia 2184 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2185 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 2186 3:00 - AST 2187 2188 # Singapore 2189 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2190 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 2191 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2192 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2193 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2194 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2195 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2196 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2197 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2198 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 2199 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2200 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2201 8:00 - SGT 2202 2203 # Spratly Is 2204 # no information 2205 2206 # Sri Lanka 2207 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2208 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2209 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 2210 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2211 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2212 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 2213 # 2214 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2215 # by Shamindra in 2216 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h (a] mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> 2217 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) 2218 # </a>: 2219 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2220 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2221 2222 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2223 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2224 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2225 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2226 2227 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2228 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML> 2229 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2230 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2231 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2232 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2233 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2234 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2235 2236 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2237 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2238 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2239 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2240 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2241 # 2242 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments 2243 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2244 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2245 # 2246 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2247 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2248 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2249 # item.... 2250 # 2251 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2252 # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2253 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2254 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2255 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2256 # 2257 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2258 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2259 # all computers. 2260 2261 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2262 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2263 # and then see what people actually say in practice. 2264 2265 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2266 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2267 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2268 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 2269 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 2270 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2271 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 2272 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2273 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2274 5:30 - IST 2275 2276 # Syria 2277 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2278 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2279 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2280 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2281 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2282 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2283 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2284 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2285 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2286 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2287 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2288 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2289 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2290 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2291 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2292 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2293 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2294 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2295 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2296 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2297 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2298 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2299 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2300 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2301 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2302 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2303 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2304 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2305 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2306 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2307 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2308 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2309 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2310 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2311 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2312 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2313 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2314 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2315 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2316 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2317 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2318 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2319 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2320 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2321 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2322 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2323 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2324 # From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27): 2325 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2326 # not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or 2327 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than 2328 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2329 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2330 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2331 # 2332 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2333 # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote: 2334 # 2335 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2336 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2337 # 2338 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2339 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2340 # 2341 # which using Google's translate tools says: 2342 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2343 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2344 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2345 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2346 2347 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2348 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2349 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA 2350 # are now using: 2351 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2352 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2353 # Variation 2354 # Syrian Arab 2355 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2356 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2357 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2358 2359 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2360 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2361 # Agency (SANA)... 2362 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm"> 2363 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2364 # </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2365 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2366 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2367 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2368 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2369 2370 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2371 # My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2372 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2373 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2374 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2375 2376 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2377 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2378 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2379 # 2380 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2381 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2382 # clocks back 60 minutes). 2383 # 2384 # <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm"> 2385 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2386 # </a> 2387 2388 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2389 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2390 # two examples: 2391 # 2392 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm"> 2393 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2394 # </a> 2395 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2396 # <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209"> 2397 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2398 # </a> 2399 # (Arabic, gov-site) 2400 # 2401 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2402 # 2403 # Our summary 2404 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html"> 2405 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2406 # </a> 2407 2408 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2409 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2410 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2411 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2412 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm"> 2413 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2414 # </a> 2415 2416 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2417 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2418 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2419 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2420 2421 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2422 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2423 Rule Syria 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2424 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2425 2426 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2427 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2428 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2429 2430 # Tajikistan 2431 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 2432 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2433 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2434 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 2435 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2436 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 2437 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 2438 2439 # Thailand 2440 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2441 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 2442 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 2443 7:00 - ICT 2444 2445 # Turkmenistan 2446 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 2447 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2448 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 2449 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 2450 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2451 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2452 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 2453 5:00 - TMT 2454 2455 # United Arab Emirates 2456 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2457 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 2458 4:00 - GST 2459 2460 # Uzbekistan 2461 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2462 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2463 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 2464 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 2465 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 2466 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 2467 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2468 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2469 5:00 - UZT 2470 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2471 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2472 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2473 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2474 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2475 5:00 - UZT 2476 2477 # Vietnam 2478 2479 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2480 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City"; 2481 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2482 2483 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 2484 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2485 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 2486 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 2487 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 2488 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 2489 7:00 - ICT 2490 2491 # Yemen 2492 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2493 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 2494 3:00 - AST 2495
Indexes created Wed Feb 10 05:58:14 UTC 2010
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