1 1442 robbin # <pre> 2 10343 Nobutomo # @(#)africa 8.23 3 9756 Nobutomo # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4 9756 Nobutomo # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 0 stevel 6 0 stevel # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7 0 stevel # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8 0 stevel # tz (a] elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 9 0 stevel 10 2939 robbin # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 11 0 stevel # 12 0 stevel # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 13 2939 robbin # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 14 2939 robbin # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 15 0 stevel # 16 0 stevel # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 17 0 stevel # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 18 0 stevel # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19 0 stevel # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20 0 stevel # of the IATA's data after 1990. 21 0 stevel # 22 2939 robbin # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 23 2939 robbin # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 24 0 stevel # 25 0 stevel # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26 0 stevel # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27 0 stevel # I found in the UCLA library. 28 0 stevel # 29 0 stevel # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 30 0 stevel # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 31 0 stevel # 32 0 stevel # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 33 0 stevel # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 34 1138 robbin # but Mark R V Murray reports that 35 0 stevel # `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 36 0 stevel # `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 37 0 stevel # `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 38 0 stevel # the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''. 39 0 stevel # He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference. 40 0 stevel # 41 0 stevel # To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 42 0 stevel # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 43 0 stevel # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 44 0 stevel # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 45 0 stevel # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 46 0 stevel # 47 0 stevel # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 48 0 stevel # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 49 0 stevel # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 50 0 stevel # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 51 0 stevel # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 52 0 stevel # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 53 0 stevel # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 54 0 stevel # I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 55 0 stevel # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 56 0 stevel # until we get more information. 57 0 stevel # 58 0 stevel # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 59 0 stevel # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 60 0 stevel # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 61 0 stevel # 2:44:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 62 0 stevel # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 63 0 stevel # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 64 0 stevel # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 65 0 stevel # 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 66 0 stevel 67 0 stevel # Algeria 68 0 stevel # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 69 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 70 2939 robbin Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 71 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 72 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 73 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 74 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 75 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 76 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 77 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 78 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 79 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 80 2939 robbin Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 81 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 82 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 83 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 84 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 85 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 86 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 87 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 88 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 89 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 90 0 stevel Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 91 2939 robbin # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 92 2939 robbin # more precise 0:09:21. 93 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 94 0 stevel Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 95 0 stevel 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 96 0 stevel 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 97 0 stevel 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 98 0 stevel 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 99 0 stevel 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 100 0 stevel 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 101 0 stevel 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 102 0 stevel 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 103 0 stevel 1:00 - CET 104 0 stevel 105 0 stevel # Angola 106 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 107 0 stevel Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 108 0 stevel 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 109 0 stevel 1:00 - WAT 110 0 stevel 111 0 stevel # Benin 112 2939 robbin # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 113 2939 robbin # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 114 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 115 0 stevel Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 116 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 117 0 stevel 1:00 - WAT 118 0 stevel 119 0 stevel # Botswana 120 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 121 0 stevel Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 122 0 stevel 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 123 0 stevel 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 124 0 stevel 2:00 - CAT 125 0 stevel 126 0 stevel # Burkina Faso 127 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128 0 stevel Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 129 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 130 0 stevel 131 0 stevel # Burundi 132 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 133 0 stevel Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 134 0 stevel 2:00 - CAT 135 0 stevel 136 0 stevel # Cameroon 137 2939 robbin # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 138 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139 0 stevel Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 140 0 stevel 1:00 - WAT 141 0 stevel 142 0 stevel # Cape Verde 143 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144 0 stevel Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 145 0 stevel -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 146 0 stevel -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 147 0 stevel -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 148 0 stevel -1:00 - CVT 149 0 stevel 150 0 stevel # Central African Republic 151 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152 0 stevel Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 153 0 stevel 1:00 - WAT 154 0 stevel 155 0 stevel # Chad 156 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157 0 stevel Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 158 0 stevel 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 159 0 stevel 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 160 0 stevel 1:00 - WAT 161 0 stevel 162 0 stevel # Comoros 163 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 164 0 stevel Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 165 0 stevel 3:00 - EAT 166 0 stevel 167 0 stevel # Democratic Republic of Congo 168 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 169 0 stevel Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 170 0 stevel 1:00 - WAT 171 0 stevel Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 172 0 stevel 2:00 - CAT 173 0 stevel 174 0 stevel # Republic of the Congo 175 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 176 0 stevel Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 177 0 stevel 1:00 - WAT 178 0 stevel 179 0 stevel # Cote D'Ivoire 180 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 181 0 stevel Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 182 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 183 0 stevel 184 0 stevel # Djibouti 185 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 186 0 stevel Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 187 0 stevel 3:00 - EAT 188 0 stevel 189 0 stevel ############################################################################### 190 0 stevel 191 0 stevel # Egypt 192 0 stevel 193 0 stevel # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 194 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 195 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 196 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 197 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 198 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 199 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 200 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 201 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 202 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 203 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 204 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 205 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 206 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 207 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 208 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 209 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 210 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 211 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 212 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 213 0 stevel # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 214 0 stevel # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 215 0 stevel Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 216 2939 robbin Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 217 2939 robbin # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 218 2939 robbin # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 219 2939 robbin # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 220 2939 robbin # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 221 2939 robbin # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 222 2939 robbin Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 - 223 4965 robbin # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 224 4965 robbin # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 225 4965 robbin # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 226 4965 robbin # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 227 4965 robbin # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 228 4965 robbin # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 229 5231 robbin # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 230 5231 robbin # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 231 5231 robbin Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 - 232 5231 robbin # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 233 5231 robbin # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 234 5231 robbin # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 235 5231 robbin # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 236 5231 robbin # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 237 5231 robbin # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 238 5231 robbin # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 239 4965 robbin # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 240 5231 robbin # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 241 9518 Nobutomo 242 9518 Nobutomo # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 243 9518 Nobutomo # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 244 9518 Nobutomo # 245 9518 Nobutomo # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 246 9756 Nobutomo # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 247 9518 Nobutomo # Apr 23 248 9756 Nobutomo # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 249 9756 Nobutomo # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 250 9518 Nobutomo # Apr 24 251 9756 Nobutomo # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 252 9756 Nobutomo # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 253 9518 Nobutomo # Aug 27 254 9756 Nobutomo # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 255 9756 Nobutomo # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 256 9518 Nobutomo # Aug 27 257 9756 Nobutomo # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 258 9518 Nobutomo # 259 9518 Nobutomo # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 260 9518 Nobutomo # :59) 261 9518 Nobutomo # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 262 9518 Nobutomo # 263 9518 Nobutomo # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 264 9518 Nobutomo # 265 9756 Nobutomo # [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263"> 266 9756 Nobutomo # https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 267 9518 Nobutomo # </a> 268 9756 Nobutomo # [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53"> 269 9756 Nobutomo # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 270 9518 Nobutomo # </a> 271 9518 Nobutomo # [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/"> 272 9518 Nobutomo # http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 273 9518 Nobutomo # </a> 274 9518 Nobutomo 275 9518 Nobutomo # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 276 9518 Nobutomo # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 277 9518 Nobutomo # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 278 9518 Nobutomo # in September. 279 10343 Nobutomo 280 10343 Nobutomo # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 281 10343 Nobutomo # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 282 10343 Nobutomo # Information and Decision Support Center: 283 10343 Nobutomo # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html"> 284 10343 Nobutomo # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 285 10343 Nobutomo # </a> 286 10343 Nobutomo # 287 10343 Nobutomo # The Middle East News Agency 288 10343 Nobutomo # <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx"> 289 10343 Nobutomo # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 290 10343 Nobutomo # </a> 291 10343 Nobutomo # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 292 10343 Nobutomo # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 293 10343 Nobutomo # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 294 10343 Nobutomo # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 295 10343 Nobutomo # (at least today). 296 10343 Nobutomo 297 9518 Nobutomo Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 - 298 10343 Nobutomo Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 23:00s 0 - 299 10343 Nobutomo Rule Egypt 2010 max - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 300 0 stevel 301 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 302 0 stevel Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct 303 0 stevel 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 304 0 stevel 305 0 stevel # Equatorial Guinea 306 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 307 0 stevel Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 308 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 309 0 stevel 1:00 - WAT 310 0 stevel 311 0 stevel # Eritrea 312 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 313 3462 robbin Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 314 3462 robbin 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 315 0 stevel 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 316 0 stevel 3:00 - EAT 317 0 stevel 318 0 stevel # Ethiopia 319 2939 robbin # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 320 2939 robbin # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones 321 2939 robbin # between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890. 322 0 stevel # We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera. 323 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 324 0 stevel Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 325 0 stevel 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 326 0 stevel 3:00 - EAT 327 0 stevel 328 0 stevel # Gabon 329 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 330 0 stevel Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 331 0 stevel 1:00 - WAT 332 0 stevel 333 0 stevel # Gambia 334 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 335 0 stevel Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 336 0 stevel -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time 337 0 stevel -1:00 - WAT 1964 338 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 339 0 stevel 340 0 stevel # Ghana 341 0 stevel # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 342 2939 robbin # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; 343 2939 robbin # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 344 0 stevel Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 345 0 stevel Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 346 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 347 0 stevel Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 348 0 stevel 0:00 Ghana %s 349 0 stevel 350 0 stevel # Guinea 351 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 352 0 stevel Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 353 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 354 0 stevel -1:00 - WAT 1960 355 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 356 0 stevel 357 0 stevel # Guinea-Bissau 358 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 359 0 stevel Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 360 0 stevel -1:00 - WAT 1975 361 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 362 0 stevel 363 0 stevel # Kenya 364 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 365 0 stevel Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 366 0 stevel 3:00 - EAT 1930 367 0 stevel 2:30 - BEAT 1940 368 0 stevel 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1960 369 0 stevel 3:00 - EAT 370 0 stevel 371 0 stevel # Lesotho 372 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 373 0 stevel Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 374 0 stevel 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 375 0 stevel 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 376 0 stevel 2:00 - SAST 377 0 stevel 378 0 stevel # Liberia 379 2939 robbin # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 380 0 stevel # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 381 0 stevel # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 382 0 stevel # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 383 2939 robbin # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 384 2939 robbin # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 385 2939 robbin # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 386 2939 robbin # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 387 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 388 0 stevel Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 389 0 stevel -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 390 0 stevel -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 391 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 392 0 stevel 393 0 stevel ############################################################################### 394 0 stevel 395 0 stevel # Libya 396 0 stevel 397 0 stevel # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 398 0 stevel Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 399 0 stevel Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 400 0 stevel Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 401 0 stevel Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 402 0 stevel Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 403 0 stevel Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 404 0 stevel Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 405 0 stevel Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 406 0 stevel Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 407 0 stevel Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 408 0 stevel Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 409 0 stevel Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 410 1138 robbin Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 411 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412 0 stevel Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 413 0 stevel 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 414 0 stevel 2:00 - EET 1982 415 0 stevel 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 416 2939 robbin # The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 417 0 stevel # the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 418 0 stevel 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 419 0 stevel 1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4 420 0 stevel 1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4 421 0 stevel 2:00 - EET 422 0 stevel 423 0 stevel # Madagascar 424 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 425 0 stevel Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 426 0 stevel 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 427 0 stevel 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 428 0 stevel 3:00 - EAT 429 0 stevel 430 0 stevel # Malawi 431 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 432 0 stevel Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 433 0 stevel 2:00 - CAT 434 0 stevel 435 0 stevel # Mali 436 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 437 0 stevel Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 438 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 439 0 stevel -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20 440 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 441 0 stevel 442 0 stevel # Mauritania 443 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 444 0 stevel Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 445 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 446 0 stevel -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28 447 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 448 0 stevel 449 0 stevel # Mauritius 450 7277 robbin 451 7277 robbin # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 452 7277 robbin # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 453 7277 robbin # basis.... 454 7277 robbin # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 455 7277 robbin # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 456 7277 robbin # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 457 7277 robbin 458 7277 robbin # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 459 7277 robbin # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 460 7277 robbin 461 7277 robbin # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 462 7277 robbin # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 463 7277 robbin # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 464 7277 robbin # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 465 7277 robbin 466 7277 robbin # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 467 7277 robbin # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 468 7277 robbin 469 7277 robbin # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 470 7277 robbin # According to 471 7277 robbin # <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216"> 472 7277 robbin # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 473 7277 robbin # </a> 474 7277 robbin # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 475 7277 robbin # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 476 7277 robbin # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 477 7277 robbin # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 478 7277 robbin # 479 7277 robbin # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 480 7277 robbin # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 481 7277 robbin # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 482 7277 robbin # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 483 7277 robbin # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 484 7277 robbin # changes two days later. 485 7277 robbin 486 7277 robbin # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 487 7277 robbin # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 488 7277 robbin # time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 489 7277 robbin # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 490 7277 robbin # 491 7277 robbin # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 492 7277 robbin # de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 493 7277 robbin # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one. 494 7277 robbin # ... 495 7277 robbin # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html"> 496 7277 robbin # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 497 7277 robbin # </a> 498 7277 robbin 499 7886 Robbin # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 500 7886 Robbin # The Government of Mauritius weblink 501 9756 Nobutomo # <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD"> 502 9756 Nobutomo # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 503 7886 Robbin # </a> 504 7886 Robbin # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 505 7886 Robbin # 506 7886 Robbin # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 507 7886 Robbin # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 508 7886 Robbin # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 509 7886 Robbin # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 510 7886 Robbin # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 511 7886 Robbin # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 512 7886 Robbin # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 513 7886 Robbin # year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 514 7886 Robbin # and end on 29 March 2009. 515 7886 Robbin 516 7886 Robbin # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 517 7886 Robbin # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 518 7886 Robbin # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 519 7886 Robbin # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 520 7886 Robbin # <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf"> 521 7886 Robbin # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 522 7886 Robbin # </a> 523 7886 Robbin 524 10203 Nobutomo # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 525 10203 Nobutomo # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 526 10203 Nobutomo # DST the coming summer... 527 10203 Nobutomo # 528 10203 Nobutomo # Some sources, in French: 529 10203 Nobutomo # <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB"> 530 10203 Nobutomo # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 531 10203 Nobutomo # </a> 532 10203 Nobutomo # <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-"> 533 10203 Nobutomo # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 534 10203 Nobutomo # </a> 535 10203 Nobutomo # 536 10203 Nobutomo # Our wrap-up: 537 10203 Nobutomo # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html"> 538 10203 Nobutomo # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 539 10203 Nobutomo # </a> 540 10203 Nobutomo 541 10203 Nobutomo # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 542 10203 Nobutomo # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 543 10203 Nobutomo # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 544 10203 Nobutomo # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 545 10203 Nobutomo 546 7277 robbin # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 547 7277 robbin Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 548 7277 robbin Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 549 10203 Nobutomo Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 550 10203 Nobutomo Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 551 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 552 0 stevel Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 553 7277 robbin 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 554 0 stevel # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 555 0 stevel # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 556 0 stevel 557 0 stevel # Mayotte 558 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 559 0 stevel Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 560 0 stevel 3:00 - EAT 561 0 stevel 562 0 stevel # Morocco 563 0 stevel # See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 564 6762 robbin 565 6762 robbin # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 566 6762 robbin # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 567 6762 robbin # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 568 6762 robbin # 569 6762 robbin # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 570 6762 robbin # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 571 6762 robbin # Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 572 6762 robbin # 573 6762 robbin # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html"> 574 6762 robbin # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 575 6762 robbin # </a> 576 6762 robbin # OR 577 6762 robbin # <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html"> 578 6762 robbin # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 579 6762 robbin # </a> 580 6762 robbin 581 6762 robbin # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 582 6762 robbin # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse: 583 6762 robbin # <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view"> 584 6762 robbin # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 585 6762 robbin # </a> 586 6762 robbin # 587 6762 robbin # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 588 6762 robbin # spokesman. 589 6762 robbin 590 6762 robbin # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 591 6762 robbin # According to this article: 592 6762 robbin # <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html"> 593 6762 robbin # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 594 6762 robbin # </a> 595 6762 robbin # (and republished here: 596 6762 robbin # <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html"> 597 6762 robbin # http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html 598 6762 robbin # </a> 599 6762 robbin # ) 600 6762 robbin # the changes occurs at midnight: 601 6762 robbin # 602 6762 robbin # saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be 603 6762 robbin # intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday) 604 6762 robbin # sunday night the 28th at midnight 605 6762 robbin # 606 6762 robbin # Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 607 6762 robbin # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and 608 6762 robbin # monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 609 6762 robbin # june1st to sept 27th. 610 6762 robbin # 611 6762 robbin # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 612 6762 robbin # published on the web. 613 6762 robbin # 614 6762 robbin # It's also confirmed here: 615 7277 robbin # <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm"> 616 6762 robbin # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 617 6762 robbin # </a> 618 6762 robbin # on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet 619 6762 robbin # posted in english). 620 6762 robbin # 621 6762 robbin # The following google query will generate many relevant hits: 622 6762 robbin # <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search"> 623 6762 robbin # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 624 6762 robbin # </a> 625 6762 robbin 626 6762 robbin # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 627 6762 robbin # Is Western Sahara (part which administrated by Morocco) going to follow 628 6762 robbin # Morocco DST changes? Any information? What about other part of 629 6762 robbin # Western Sahara - under administration of POLISARIO Front (also named 630 6762 robbin # SADR Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic)? 631 6762 robbin 632 6762 robbin # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-09): 633 6762 robbin # XXX--guess that it is only Morocco for now; guess only 2008 for now. 634 6762 robbin 635 7886 Robbin # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 636 7886 Robbin # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 637 7886 Robbin # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 638 7886 Robbin # of September: 639 7886 Robbin # 640 7886 Robbin # One article about it (in French): 641 7886 Robbin # <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default"> 642 7886 Robbin # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 643 7886 Robbin # </a> 644 7886 Robbin # 645 7886 Robbin # We have some further details posted here: 646 7886 Robbin # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html"> 647 7886 Robbin # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 648 7886 Robbin # </a> 649 9342 Nobutomo 650 9342 Nobutomo # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 651 9342 Nobutomo # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 652 9342 Nobutomo # to many sources, such as 653 9342 Nobutomo # <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html"> 654 9342 Nobutomo # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 655 9342 Nobutomo # </a> 656 9342 Nobutomo # <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312"> 657 9342 Nobutomo # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 658 9342 Nobutomo # </a> 659 9342 Nobutomo # (French) 660 9342 Nobutomo # 661 9342 Nobutomo # Our summary: 662 9342 Nobutomo # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html"> 663 9342 Nobutomo # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 664 9342 Nobutomo # </a> 665 9342 Nobutomo 666 9342 Nobutomo # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 667 9342 Nobutomo # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 668 9342 Nobutomo # Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 669 9342 Nobutomo # 670 9342 Nobutomo # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 671 9342 Nobutomo # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 672 9342 Nobutomo # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 673 9342 Nobutomo # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 674 9342 Nobutomo # 675 9342 Nobutomo # <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf"> 676 9342 Nobutomo # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 677 9342 Nobutomo # </a> 678 9342 Nobutomo # 679 9342 Nobutomo # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html"> 680 9342 Nobutomo # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 681 9342 Nobutomo # </a> 682 9342 Nobutomo 683 0 stevel # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 684 7886 Robbin 685 0 stevel Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 686 0 stevel Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 687 0 stevel Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 688 0 stevel Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 689 0 stevel Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 690 0 stevel Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 691 0 stevel Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 692 0 stevel Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 693 0 stevel Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 694 0 stevel Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 695 0 stevel Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 696 0 stevel Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 697 0 stevel Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 698 0 stevel Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 699 0 stevel Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 700 6762 robbin Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 701 7886 Robbin Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 702 9342 Nobutomo Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 703 9342 Nobutomo Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 704 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 705 0 stevel Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 706 0 stevel 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 707 0 stevel 1:00 - CET 1986 708 6762 robbin 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 709 0 stevel # Western Sahara 710 0 stevel Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan 711 0 stevel -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 712 0 stevel 0:00 - WET 713 0 stevel 714 0 stevel # Mozambique 715 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 716 0 stevel Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 717 0 stevel 2:00 - CAT 718 0 stevel 719 0 stevel # Namibia 720 2939 robbin # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 721 2939 robbin # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 722 4218 robbin 723 4218 robbin # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in 724 4218 robbin # <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>: 725 4218 robbin # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 726 4218 robbin # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 727 4218 robbin # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 728 4218 robbin # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 729 4218 robbin # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 730 4218 robbin # of the country. 731 4218 robbin # 732 4218 robbin # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 733 4218 robbin # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 734 4218 robbin # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 735 4218 robbin 736 0 stevel # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 737 0 stevel Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 738 0 stevel Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 739 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 740 0 stevel Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 741 0 stevel 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 742 0 stevel 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 743 0 stevel 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 744 0 stevel 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 745 0 stevel 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 746 0 stevel 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 747 0 stevel 748 0 stevel # Niger 749 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 750 0 stevel Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 751 0 stevel -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 752 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 1960 753 0 stevel 1:00 - WAT 754 0 stevel 755 0 stevel # Nigeria 756 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 757 0 stevel Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 758 0 stevel 1:00 - WAT 759 0 stevel 760 0 stevel # Reunion 761 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 762 0 stevel Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 763 0 stevel 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time 764 0 stevel # 765 0 stevel # Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows. 766 0 stevel # The following information about them is taken from 767 0 stevel # Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French; 768 0 stevel # no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 769 0 stevel # We have no info about their time zone histories. 770 0 stevel # 771 0 stevel # Bassas da India - uninhabited 772 0 stevel # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 773 0 stevel # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 774 0 stevel # Juan de Nova - uninhabited 775 0 stevel # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 776 0 stevel 777 0 stevel # Rwanda 778 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 779 0 stevel Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 780 0 stevel 2:00 - CAT 781 0 stevel 782 0 stevel # St Helena 783 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 784 0 stevel Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 785 0 stevel -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 786 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 787 0 stevel # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 788 0 stevel # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 789 0 stevel # Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA 790 0 stevel # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 791 0 stevel # on GMT, says the CIA 792 0 stevel # Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT 793 0 stevel 794 0 stevel # Sao Tome and Principe 795 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 796 0 stevel Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 797 0 stevel -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time 798 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 799 0 stevel 800 0 stevel # Senegal 801 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 802 0 stevel Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 803 0 stevel -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun 804 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 805 0 stevel 806 0 stevel # Seychelles 807 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 808 0 stevel Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 809 0 stevel 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 810 0 stevel # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 811 0 stevel # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 812 0 stevel # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 813 0 stevel # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 814 0 stevel # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 815 0 stevel # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 816 0 stevel 817 0 stevel # Sierra Leone 818 0 stevel # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 819 2939 robbin # Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 820 0 stevel Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST 821 0 stevel Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT 822 0 stevel Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST 823 0 stevel Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT 824 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 825 0 stevel Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 826 0 stevel -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time 827 0 stevel -1:00 SL %s 1957 828 0 stevel 0:00 SL %s 829 0 stevel 830 0 stevel # Somalia 831 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 832 0 stevel Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 833 0 stevel 3:00 - EAT 1931 834 0 stevel 2:30 - BEAT 1957 835 0 stevel 3:00 - EAT 836 0 stevel 837 0 stevel # South Africa 838 0 stevel # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 839 0 stevel Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 840 0 stevel Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 841 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 842 0 stevel Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 843 0 stevel 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 844 0 stevel 2:00 SA SAST 845 0 stevel # Marion and Prince Edward Is 846 0 stevel # scientific station since 1947 847 0 stevel # no information 848 0 stevel 849 0 stevel # Sudan 850 0 stevel # 851 0 stevel # From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html"> 852 0 stevel # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13) 853 0 stevel # </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 854 0 stevel # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 855 0 stevel # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 856 0 stevel # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 857 0 stevel # 858 0 stevel # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 859 0 stevel Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 860 0 stevel Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 861 0 stevel Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 862 0 stevel Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 863 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 864 0 stevel Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 865 0 stevel 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 866 0 stevel 3:00 - EAT 867 0 stevel 868 0 stevel # Swaziland 869 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 870 0 stevel Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 871 0 stevel 2:00 - SAST 872 0 stevel 873 0 stevel # Tanzania 874 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 875 0 stevel Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 876 0 stevel 3:00 - EAT 1948 877 0 stevel 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1961 878 0 stevel 3:00 - EAT 879 0 stevel 880 0 stevel # Togo 881 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 882 0 stevel Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 883 0 stevel 0:00 - GMT 884 0 stevel 885 0 stevel # Tunisia 886 1138 robbin 887 1138 robbin # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 888 1138 robbin # My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 889 1138 robbin # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 890 1138 robbin # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 891 1138 robbin # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 892 1138 robbin # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 893 1138 robbin # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 894 1138 robbin # Saturday." (My translation) 895 1138 robbin # 896 1138 robbin # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 897 1138 robbin # LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ... 898 1138 robbin # <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html> 899 1138 robbin # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 900 1138 robbin # 1h standard time. 901 2939 robbin # 902 2939 robbin # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 903 2939 robbin # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 904 2939 robbin # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 905 2939 robbin # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 906 2939 robbin # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 907 1138 robbin 908 9342 Nobutomo # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 909 9342 Nobutomo # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 910 9342 Nobutomo # (Arabic) 911 9342 Nobutomo # <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546"> 912 9342 Nobutomo # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 913 9342 Nobutomo # </a> 914 9342 Nobutomo # <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp"> 915 9342 Nobutomo # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 916 9342 Nobutomo # </a> 917 9342 Nobutomo # 918 9342 Nobutomo # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 919 9342 Nobutomo # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 920 9342 Nobutomo # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html"> 921 9342 Nobutomo # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 922 9342 Nobutomo # </a> 923 9342 Nobutomo 924 9342 Nobutomo # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 925 9342 Nobutomo # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 926 9342 Nobutomo # 927 9342 Nobutomo # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 928 9342 Nobutomo # 929 9342 Nobutomo # (in English) 930 9342 Nobutomo # <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157"> 931 9342 Nobutomo # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 932 9342 Nobutomo # </a> 933 9342 Nobutomo # 934 9342 Nobutomo # (in Arabic) 935 9342 Nobutomo # <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1"> 936 9342 Nobutomo # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 937 9342 Nobutomo # </a> 938 9342 Nobutomo 939 9342 Nobutomo # From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18): 940 9342 Nobutomo # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact 941 9342 Nobutomo # that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time. 942 9342 Nobutomo # Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long." 943 9342 Nobutomo # So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 944 9342 Nobutomo 945 0 stevel # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 946 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 947 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 948 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 949 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 950 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 951 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 952 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 953 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 954 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 955 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 956 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 957 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 958 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 959 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 960 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 961 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 962 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 963 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 964 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 965 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 966 0 stevel Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 967 1138 robbin Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 968 1138 robbin Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 969 9342 Nobutomo Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 970 9342 Nobutomo Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 971 9342 Nobutomo Rule Tunisia 2010 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 972 9342 Nobutomo Rule Tunisia 2010 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 973 2939 robbin # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 974 2939 robbin # more precise 0:09:21. 975 2939 robbin # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 976 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 977 0 stevel Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 978 0 stevel 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 979 0 stevel 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 980 0 stevel 981 0 stevel # Uganda 982 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 983 0 stevel Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 984 0 stevel 3:00 - EAT 1930 985 0 stevel 2:30 - BEAT 1948 986 0 stevel 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1957 987 0 stevel 3:00 - EAT 988 0 stevel 989 0 stevel # Zambia 990 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 991 0 stevel Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 992 0 stevel 2:00 - CAT 993 0 stevel 994 0 stevel # Zimbabwe 995 0 stevel # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 996 0 stevel Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 997 0 stevel 2:00 - CAT 998
Indexes created Sat Nov 28 01:19:25 UTC 2009
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