libssh/common/kex.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000, 2001 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * Copyright 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
 * Use is subject to license terms.
 */

#include "includes.h"
RCSID("$OpenBSD: kex.c,v 1.51 2002/06/24 14:55:38 markus Exp $");

#include <locale.h>

#include <openssl/crypto.h>

#include "ssh2.h"
#include "xmalloc.h"
#include "buffer.h"
#include "bufaux.h"
#include "packet.h"
#include "compat.h"
#include "cipher.h"
#include "kex.h"
#include "key.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "mac.h"
#include "match.h"
#include "dispatch.h"
#include "g11n.h"

#ifdef GSSAPI
#include "ssh-gss.h"
#endif

#define KEX_COOKIE_LEN	16

char *session_lang = NULL;


/* prototype */
static void kex_do_hook(Kex *kex);
static void kex_kexinit_finish(Kex *);
static void kex_choose_conf(Kex *);

/* put algorithm proposal into buffer */
static
void
kex_prop2buf(Buffer *b, char *proposal[PROPOSAL_MAX])
{
	int i;

	buffer_clear(b);
	/*
	 * add a dummy cookie, the cookie will be overwritten by
	 * kex_send_kexinit(), each time a kexinit is set
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < KEX_COOKIE_LEN; i++)
		buffer_put_char(b, 0);
	for (i = 0; i < PROPOSAL_MAX; i++)
		buffer_put_cstring(b, proposal[i]);
	buffer_put_char(b, 0);			/* first_kex_packet_follows */
	buffer_put_int(b, 0);			/* uint32 reserved */
}

/* parse buffer and return algorithm proposal */
static
char **
kex_buf2prop(Buffer *raw, int *first_kex_follows)
{
	Buffer b;
	int i;
	char **proposal;

	proposal = xmalloc(PROPOSAL_MAX * sizeof(char *));

	buffer_init(&b);
	buffer_append(&b, buffer_ptr(raw), buffer_len(raw));
	/* skip cookie */
	for (i = 0; i < KEX_COOKIE_LEN; i++)
		buffer_get_char(&b);
	/* extract kex init proposal strings */
	for (i = 0; i < PROPOSAL_MAX; i++) {
		proposal[i] = buffer_get_string(&b,NULL);
		debug2("kex_parse_kexinit: %s", proposal[i]);
	}
	/* first kex follows / reserved */
	i = buffer_get_char(&b);
	if (first_kex_follows != NULL)
		*first_kex_follows = i;
	debug2("kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows %d ", i);
	i = buffer_get_int(&b);
	debug2("kex_parse_kexinit: reserved %d ", i);
	buffer_free(&b);
	return proposal;
}

static
void
kex_prop_free(char **proposal)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < PROPOSAL_MAX; i++)
		xfree(proposal[i]);
	xfree(proposal);
}

static void
kex_protocol_error(int type, u_int32_t seq, void *ctxt)
{
	error("Hm, kex protocol error: type %d seq %u", type, seq);
}

static void
kex_reset_dispatch(void)
{
#ifdef ALTPRIVSEP
	/* unprivileged sshd has a kex packet handler that must not be reset */
	debug3("kex_reset_dispatch -- should we dispatch_set(KEXINIT) here? %d && !%d",
		packet_is_server(), packet_is_monitor());
	if (packet_is_server() && !packet_is_monitor()) {
		debug3("kex_reset_dispatch -- skipping dispatch_set(KEXINIT) in unpriv proc");
		return;
	}
#endif /* ALTPRIVSEP */

	dispatch_range(SSH2_MSG_TRANSPORT_MIN,
	    SSH2_MSG_TRANSPORT_MAX, &kex_protocol_error);
	dispatch_set(SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT, &kex_input_kexinit);
}

void
kex_finish(Kex *kex)
{
	kex_reset_dispatch();

	packet_start(SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS);
	packet_send();
	/* packet_write_wait(); */
	debug("SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent");

#ifdef ALTPRIVSEP
	if (packet_is_monitor())
		goto skip_newkeys;
#endif /* ALTPRIVSEP */
	debug("expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS");
	packet_read_expect(SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS);
	packet_check_eom();
	debug("SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received");
#ifdef ALTPRIVSEP
skip_newkeys:
#endif /* ALTPRIVSEP */

	kex->done = 1;
	kex->initial_kex_done = 1; /* never to be cleared once set */
	buffer_clear(&kex->peer);
	/* buffer_clear(&kex->my); */
	kex->flags &= ~KEX_INIT_SENT;
	xfree(kex->name);
	kex->name = NULL;
}

void
kex_send_kexinit(Kex *kex)
{
	u_int32_t rand = 0;
	u_char *cookie;
	int i;

	if (kex == NULL) {
		error("kex_send_kexinit: no kex, cannot rekey");
		return;
	}
	if (kex->flags & KEX_INIT_SENT) {
		debug("KEX_INIT_SENT");
		return;
	}
	kex->done = 0;

	/* update my proposal -- e.g., add/remove GSS kexalgs */
	kex_do_hook(kex);

	/* generate a random cookie */
	if (buffer_len(&kex->my) < KEX_COOKIE_LEN)
		fatal("kex_send_kexinit: kex proposal too short");
	cookie = buffer_ptr(&kex->my);
	for (i = 0; i < KEX_COOKIE_LEN; i++) {
		if (i % 4 == 0)
			rand = arc4random();
		cookie[i] = rand;
		rand >>= 8;
	}
	packet_start(SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT);
	packet_put_raw(buffer_ptr(&kex->my), buffer_len(&kex->my));
	packet_send();
	debug("SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent");
	kex->flags |= KEX_INIT_SENT;
}

void
kex_input_kexinit(int type, u_int32_t seq, void *ctxt)
{
	char *ptr;
	u_int dlen;
	int i;
	Kex *kex = (Kex *)ctxt;

	debug("SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received");
	if (kex == NULL)
		fatal("kex_input_kexinit: no kex, cannot rekey");

	ptr = packet_get_raw(&dlen);
	buffer_append(&kex->peer, ptr, dlen);

	/* discard packet */
	for (i = 0; i < KEX_COOKIE_LEN; i++)
		packet_get_char();
	for (i = 0; i < PROPOSAL_MAX; i++)
		xfree(packet_get_string(NULL));
	(void) packet_get_char();
	(void) packet_get_int();
	packet_check_eom();

	kex_kexinit_finish(kex);
}

/*
 * This is for GSS keyex, where actual KEX offer can change at rekey
 * time due to credential expiration/renewal...
 */
static
void
kex_do_hook(Kex *kex)
{
	char    **prop;

	if (kex->kex_hook == NULL)
		return;

	/* Unmarshall my proposal, let the hook modify it, remarshall it */
	prop = kex_buf2prop(&kex->my, NULL);
	buffer_clear(&kex->my);
	(kex->kex_hook)(kex, prop);
	kex_prop2buf(&kex->my, prop);
	kex_prop_free(prop);
}

/* Initiate the key exchange by sending the SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT message. */
void
kex_start(Kex *kex)
{
	kex_send_kexinit(kex);
	kex_reset_dispatch();
}

/*
 * Allocate a key exchange structure and populate it with a proposal we are
 * going to use. This function does not start the actual key exchange.
 */
Kex *
kex_setup(const char *host, char *proposal[PROPOSAL_MAX], Kex_hook_func hook)
{
	Kex	*kex;

	kex = xmalloc(sizeof(*kex));
	memset(kex, 0, sizeof(*kex));
	buffer_init(&kex->peer);
	buffer_init(&kex->my);

	kex->kex_hook = hook; /* called by kex_send_kexinit() */

	if (host != NULL && *host != '\0')
		kex->serverhost = xstrdup(host);
	else
		kex->server = 1;

	kex_prop2buf(&kex->my, proposal);

	return kex;
}

static void
kex_kexinit_finish(Kex *kex)
{
	if (!(kex->flags & KEX_INIT_SENT))
		kex_send_kexinit(kex);

	kex_choose_conf(kex);

	if (kex->kex_type >= 0 && kex->kex_type < KEX_MAX &&
	    kex->kex[kex->kex_type] != NULL)
		(kex->kex[kex->kex_type])(kex);
	else
		fatal("Unsupported key exchange %d", kex->kex_type);
}

static void
choose_lang(char **lang, char *client, char *server)
{
	if (datafellows & SSH_BUG_LOCALES_NOT_LANGTAGS)
		*lang = match_list(client, server, NULL);
	else
		*lang = g11n_srvr_locale_negotiate(client, NULL);
}

/*
 * Make the message clear enough so that if this happens the user can figure out
 * the workaround of changing the Ciphers option.
 */
#define	CLIENT_ERR_MSG							       \
  "Client and server could not agree on a common cipher:\n"		       \
  "  client: %s\n"							       \
  "  server: %s\n"							       \
  "\n"									       \
  "The client cipher list can be controlled using the \"Ciphers\" option, \n"  \
  "see ssh_config(4) for more information. The \"-o Ciphers=<cipher-list>\"\n" \
  "option may be used to temporarily override the ciphers the client\n"	       \
  "offers."

/*
 * The server side message goes to syslogd and we do not want to send multiline
 * messages there. What's more, the server side notification may be shorter
 * since we expect that an administrator will deal with that, not the user.
 */
#define	SERVER_ERR_MSG							       \
  "Client and server could not agree on a common cipher: client \"%s\", "      \
  "server \"%s\". The server cipher list can be controlled using the "	       \
  "\"Ciphers\" option, see sshd_config(4) for more information."

static void
choose_enc(int is_server, Enc *enc, char *client, char *server)
{
	char *name = match_list(client, server, NULL);

	if (name == NULL) {
		if (is_server == 1)
			fatal(SERVER_ERR_MSG, client, server);
		else
			fatal(CLIENT_ERR_MSG, client, server);
	}

	if ((enc->cipher = cipher_by_name(name)) == NULL)
		fatal("matching cipher is not supported: %s", name);

	enc->name = name;
	enc->enabled = 0;
	enc->iv = NULL;
	enc->key = NULL;
	enc->key_len = cipher_keylen(enc->cipher);
	enc->block_size = cipher_blocksize(enc->cipher);
}

static void
choose_mac(Mac *mac, char *client, char *server)
{
	char *name = match_list(client, server, NULL);
	if (name == NULL)
		fatal("no matching mac found: client %s server %s",
		    client, server);
	if (mac_setup(mac, name) < 0)
		fatal("unsupported mac %s", name);
	/* truncate the key */
	if (datafellows & SSH_BUG_HMAC)
		mac->key_len = 16;
	mac->name = name;
	mac->key = NULL;
	mac->enabled = 0;
}

static void
choose_comp(Comp *comp, char *client, char *server)
{
	char *name = match_list(client, server, NULL);
	if (name == NULL)
		fatal("no matching comp found: client %s server %s", client, server);
	if (strcmp(name, "zlib") == 0) {
		comp->type = 1;
	} else if (strcmp(name, "none") == 0) {
		comp->type = 0;
	} else {
		fatal("unsupported comp %s", name);
	}
	comp->name = name;
}

static void
choose_kex(Kex *k, char *client, char *server)
{
	k->name = match_list(client, server, NULL);
	if (k->name == NULL)
		fatal("no common kex alg: client '%s', server '%s'", client,
		    server);
	/* XXX Finish 3.6/7 merge of kex stuff -- choose_kex() done */
	if (strcmp(k->name, KEX_DH1) == 0) {
		k->kex_type = KEX_DH_GRP1_SHA1;
	} else if (strcmp(k->name, KEX_DHGEX) == 0) {
		k->kex_type = KEX_DH_GEX_SHA1;
#ifdef GSSAPI
	} else if (strncmp(k->name, KEX_GSS_SHA1, sizeof(KEX_GSS_SHA1)-1) == 0) {
		k->kex_type = KEX_GSS_GRP1_SHA1;
#endif
	} else
		fatal("bad kex alg %s", k->name);
}

static void
choose_hostkeyalg(Kex *k, char *client, char *server)
{
	char *hostkeyalg = match_list(client, server, NULL);
	if (hostkeyalg == NULL)
		fatal("no hostkey alg");
	k->hostkey_type = key_type_from_name(hostkeyalg);
	if (k->hostkey_type == KEY_UNSPEC)
		fatal("bad hostkey alg '%s'", hostkeyalg);
	xfree(hostkeyalg);
}

static int
proposals_match(char *my[PROPOSAL_MAX], char *peer[PROPOSAL_MAX])
{
	static int check[] = {
		PROPOSAL_KEX_ALGS, PROPOSAL_SERVER_HOST_KEY_ALGS, -1
	};
	int *idx;
	char *p;

	for (idx = &check[0]; *idx != -1; idx++) {
		if ((p = strchr(my[*idx], ',')) != NULL)
			*p = '\0';
		if ((p = strchr(peer[*idx], ',')) != NULL)
			*p = '\0';
		if (strcmp(my[*idx], peer[*idx]) != 0) {
			debug2("proposal mismatch: my %s peer %s",
			    my[*idx], peer[*idx]);
			return (0);
		}
	}
	debug2("proposals match");
	return (1);
}

static void
kex_choose_conf(Kex *kex)
{
	Newkeys *newkeys;
	char **my, **peer;
	char **cprop, **sprop;
	char *p_langs_c2s, *p_langs_s2c; /* peer's langs */
	char *plangs = NULL;		 /* peer's langs*/
	char *mlangs = NULL;		 /* my langs */
	int nenc, nmac, ncomp;
	int mode;
	int ctos;				/* direction: if true client-to-server */
	int need;
	int first_kex_follows, type;

	my   = kex_buf2prop(&kex->my, NULL);
	peer = kex_buf2prop(&kex->peer, &first_kex_follows);

	if (kex->server) {
		cprop=peer;
		sprop=my;
	} else {
		cprop=my;
		sprop=peer;
	}

	/* Algorithm Negotiation */
	for (mode = 0; mode < MODE_MAX; mode++) {
		newkeys = xmalloc(sizeof(*newkeys));
		memset(newkeys, 0, sizeof(*newkeys));
		kex->newkeys[mode] = newkeys;
		ctos = (!kex->server && mode == MODE_OUT) || (kex->server && mode == MODE_IN);
		nenc  = ctos ? PROPOSAL_ENC_ALGS_CTOS  : PROPOSAL_ENC_ALGS_STOC;
		nmac  = ctos ? PROPOSAL_MAC_ALGS_CTOS  : PROPOSAL_MAC_ALGS_STOC;
		ncomp = ctos ? PROPOSAL_COMP_ALGS_CTOS : PROPOSAL_COMP_ALGS_STOC;
		choose_enc(kex->server, &newkeys->enc,  cprop[nenc],  sprop[nenc]);
		choose_mac(&newkeys->mac,  cprop[nmac],  sprop[nmac]);
		choose_comp(&newkeys->comp, cprop[ncomp], sprop[ncomp]);
		debug("kex: %s %s %s %s",
		    ctos ? "client->server" : "server->client",
		    newkeys->enc.name,
		    newkeys->mac.name,
		    newkeys->comp.name);
	}
	choose_kex(kex, cprop[PROPOSAL_KEX_ALGS], sprop[PROPOSAL_KEX_ALGS]);
	choose_hostkeyalg(kex, cprop[PROPOSAL_SERVER_HOST_KEY_ALGS],
	    sprop[PROPOSAL_SERVER_HOST_KEY_ALGS]);
	need = 0;
	for (mode = 0; mode < MODE_MAX; mode++) {
		newkeys = kex->newkeys[mode];
		if (need < newkeys->enc.key_len)
			need = newkeys->enc.key_len;
		if (need < newkeys->enc.block_size)
			need = newkeys->enc.block_size;
		if (need < newkeys->mac.key_len)
			need = newkeys->mac.key_len;
	}
	/* XXX need runden? */
	kex->we_need = need;

	/* ignore the next message if the proposals do not match */
	if (first_kex_follows && !proposals_match(my, peer) &&
	    !(datafellows & SSH_BUG_FIRSTKEX)) {
		type = packet_read();
		debug2("skipping next packet (type %u)", type);
	}

	/* Language/locale negotiation -- not worth doing on re-key */

	if (!kex->initial_kex_done) {
		p_langs_c2s = peer[PROPOSAL_LANG_CTOS];
		p_langs_s2c = peer[PROPOSAL_LANG_STOC];
		debug("Peer sent proposed langtags, ctos: %s", p_langs_c2s);
		debug("Peer sent proposed langtags, stoc: %s", p_langs_s2c);
		plangs = NULL;

		/* We propose the same langs for each protocol direction */
		mlangs = my[PROPOSAL_LANG_STOC];
		debug("We proposed langtags, ctos: %s", my[PROPOSAL_LANG_CTOS]);
		debug("We proposed langtags, stoc: %s", mlangs);

		/*
		 * Why oh why did they bother with negotiating langs for
		 * each protocol direction?!
		 *
		 * The semantics of this are vaguely specified, but one can
		 * imagine using one language (locale) for the whole session and
		 * a different one for message localization (e.g., 'en_US.UTF-8'
		 * overall and 'fr' for messages).  Weird?  Maybe.  But lang
		 * tags don't include codeset info, like locales do...
		 *
		 * So, server-side we want:
		 *  - setlocale(LC_ALL, c2s_locale);
		 *  and
		 *  - setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, s2c_locale);
		 *
		 * Client-side we don't really care.  But we could do:
		 *
		 *  - when very verbose, tell the use what lang the server's
		 *    messages are in, if left out in the protocol
		 *  - when sending messages to the server, and if applicable, we
		 *    can localize them according to the language negotiated for
		 *    that direction.
		 *
		 * But for now we do nothing on the client side.
		 */
		if ((p_langs_c2s && *p_langs_c2s) && !(p_langs_s2c && *p_langs_s2c))
			plangs = p_langs_c2s;
		else if ((p_langs_s2c && *p_langs_s2c) && !(p_langs_c2s && *p_langs_c2s))
			plangs = p_langs_s2c;
		else
			plangs = p_langs_c2s;

		if (kex->server) {
			if (plangs && mlangs && *plangs && *mlangs) {
				char *locale;

				g11n_test_langtag(plangs, 1);

				choose_lang(&locale, plangs, mlangs);
				if (locale) {
					g11n_setlocale(LC_ALL, locale);
					debug("Negotiated main locale: %s", locale);
					packet_send_debug("Negotiated main locale: %s", locale);
					xfree(locale);
				}
				if (plangs != p_langs_s2c &&
				    p_langs_s2c && *p_langs_s2c) {
					choose_lang(&locale, p_langs_s2c, mlangs);
					if (locale) {
						g11n_setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, locale);
						debug("Negotiated messages locale: %s", locale);
						packet_send_debug("Negotiated "
						    "messages locale: %s", locale);
						xfree(locale);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		else {
			if (plangs && mlangs && *plangs && *mlangs &&
			    !(datafellows & SSH_BUG_LOCALES_NOT_LANGTAGS)) {
				char *lang;
				lang = g11n_clnt_langtag_negotiate(mlangs, plangs);
				if (lang) {
					session_lang = lang;
					debug("Negotiated lang: %s", lang);
					g11n_test_langtag(lang, 0);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	kex_prop_free(my);
	kex_prop_free(peer);
}

static u_char *
derive_key(Kex *kex, int id, int need, u_char *hash, BIGNUM *shared_secret)
{
	Buffer b;
	const EVP_MD *evp_md = EVP_sha1();
	EVP_MD_CTX md;
	char c = id;
	int have;
	int mdsz = EVP_MD_size(evp_md);
	u_char *digest = xmalloc(roundup(need, mdsz));

	buffer_init(&b);
	buffer_put_bignum2(&b, shared_secret);

	/* K1 = HASH(K || H || "A" || session_id) */
	EVP_DigestInit(&md, evp_md);
	if (!(datafellows & SSH_BUG_DERIVEKEY))
		EVP_DigestUpdate(&md, buffer_ptr(&b), buffer_len(&b));
	EVP_DigestUpdate(&md, hash, mdsz);
	EVP_DigestUpdate(&md, &c, 1);
	EVP_DigestUpdate(&md, kex->session_id, kex->session_id_len);
	EVP_DigestFinal(&md, digest, NULL);

	/*
	 * expand key:
	 * Kn = HASH(K || H || K1 || K2 || ... || Kn-1)
	 * Key = K1 || K2 || ... || Kn
	 */
	for (have = mdsz; need > have; have += mdsz) {
		EVP_DigestInit(&md, evp_md);
		if (!(datafellows & SSH_BUG_DERIVEKEY))
			EVP_DigestUpdate(&md, buffer_ptr(&b), buffer_len(&b));
		EVP_DigestUpdate(&md, hash, mdsz);
		EVP_DigestUpdate(&md, digest, have);
		EVP_DigestFinal(&md, digest + have, NULL);
	}
	buffer_free(&b);
#ifdef DEBUG_KEX
	fprintf(stderr, "key '%c'== ", c);
	dump_digest("key", digest, need);
#endif
	return digest;
}

Newkeys *current_keys[MODE_MAX];

#define NKEYS	6
void
kex_derive_keys(Kex *kex, u_char *hash, BIGNUM *shared_secret)
{
	u_char *keys[NKEYS];
	int i, mode, ctos;

	for (i = 0; i < NKEYS; i++)
		keys[i] = derive_key(kex, 'A'+i, kex->we_need, hash, shared_secret);

	debug2("kex_derive_keys");
	for (mode = 0; mode < MODE_MAX; mode++) {
		current_keys[mode] = kex->newkeys[mode];
		kex->newkeys[mode] = NULL;
		ctos = (!kex->server && mode == MODE_OUT) || (kex->server && mode == MODE_IN);
		current_keys[mode]->enc.iv  = keys[ctos ? 0 : 1];
		current_keys[mode]->enc.key = keys[ctos ? 2 : 3];
		current_keys[mode]->mac.key = keys[ctos ? 4 : 5];
	}
}

Newkeys *
kex_get_newkeys(int mode)
{
	Newkeys *ret;

	ret = current_keys[mode];
	current_keys[mode] = NULL;
	return ret;
}

#if defined(DEBUG_KEX) || defined(DEBUG_KEXDH)
void
dump_digest(char *msg, u_char *digest, int len)
{
	int i;

	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
	for (i = 0; i< len; i++) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%02x", digest[i]);
		if (i%32 == 31)
			fprintf(stderr, "\n");
		else if (i%8 == 7)
			fprintf(stderr, " ");
	}
	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
}
#endif